Ultraviolet rays result in a permanent change in skin color, which becomes yellow-brown, loses brightness and very deep and uneven wrinkles appear. There is real dermal and epidermal damage. In the former, we also find a chemical modification of the elastic fibers to the point of degeneration with deprivation of elastic functionality with the risk of neoplastic degeneration. Skin aging is related to the production of endogenous free radicals (chronoaging) and the production of free radicals due to an external important factor, solar damage (photoaging). Cronoaging simply marks aging that comes with age and does not cause permanent change in skin complexion, nor gives rise to deep and irregular wrinkles, nor alter collagen fibers or elastic fibers. In both cases, however, the common denominator is represented by the production of free radicals.
 
The main detectable abnormalities are given by a loss of firmness and elasticity of the skin, with the appearance of so-called “wrinkles.”
 
The phenomenon is due to a decrease in cell turnover, associated with oxidative stress that ladens collagen and elastic fibers. With increasing age there is an increase of the fibrous component of the dermis in respect to the elastic.
 
The cells of the dermis no longer carry out their regular metabolic exchange with the blood flow in an appropriate manner, preventing regular metabolic activities with an increase in the residence time of the toxins on site and a poor nutritional intake.